Fundamentals of Physics

Physics is the study of matter, energy, and the fundamental forces of nature. It explains phenomena from the subatomic to the cosmic scale, underpinning all other sciences.

Newton's Laws of Motion form the basis of classical mechanics, describing how objects move under various forces. They revolutionized our understanding, setting the stage for modern engineering.

Thermodynamics involves heat, work, and temperature, governing energy transfer. Did you know the coldest possible temperature, absolute zero (-273.15°C), is theoretically unattainable due to the third law of thermodynamics?

Electromagnetism is a branch of physics that deals with the electromagnetic force that occurs between electrically charged particles. It's responsible for practically all phenomena encountered in daily life, barring gravity.

Quantum mechanics challenges classical physics, showing particles also have wave-like properties. The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle states you cannot simultaneously know the position and velocity of a particle.

Einstein's Theory of Relativity consists of Special and General Relativity, which describe the relationship between space, time, and gravity. GPS systems must account for these effects to maintain accuracy.

Physicists are working to unify the fundamental forces of nature into a single framework. String theory and loop quantum gravity are leading candidates, but still largely theoretical.

Dark matter moves slower than light, yet constitutes about 27% of the universe’s mass-energy content. Its nature remains one of physics' greatest unsolved mysteries.