Indigenous Peoples of the Caribbean

The Caribbean was first inhabited by the Arawak, Taíno, and Carib peoples. These indigenous groups were skilled farmers, fishers, and navigators who traversed the islands pre-Columbus.

Taíno societies were organized in cacicazgos, governed by chiefs known as caciques. These hierarchies included nitainos (nobles) and naborias (commoners), showcasing a complex societal structure.

The indigenous people practiced conuco farming, using mounds of soil to improve drainage and fertility. They grew cassava, sweet potatoes, and maize, staples that are still vital today.

Taíno religion was polytheistic, involving zemis (deities or ancestral spirits). They performed areitos, ceremonial dances and songs, to communicate with these spiritual entities.

The arrival of Europeans decimated the indigenous population through disease, slavery, and warfare. By the 16th century, many communities were drastically reduced or completely wiped out.

Despite the decline, some indigenous people survived, often by retreating into remote areas. Their descendants maintain cultural traditions and are gaining recognition for their heritage.

Today, there is a resurgence of indigenous identity in the Caribbean. Groups like the Garifuna, descendants of Carib and African ancestry, are advocating for rights and cultural preservation.

The Taíno used the stars to navigate long distances, reaching as far as Florida and the Bahamas, showcasing advanced astronomical knowledge.