Essentials of Audio Mixing Techniques

Audio mixing begins with frequencies. Every sound has a frequency, measured in Hertz (Hz). Humans hear between 20Hz-20kHz. Assigning instruments their frequency 'space' avoids clashes and creates a clear mix.

Equalization is crucial for balancing frequencies. Subtractive EQ removes unwanted frequencies to reduce muddiness. Additive EQ enhances desired tones. Always EQ with purpose, and remember, less is often more.

Dynamics processors like compressors and limiters manage the loudness range. Compression reduces volume differences, ensuring audibility without peaks overpowering. Use makeup gain to restore overall level after compressing.

Panning positions sounds within the stereo field. It's not just left or right; consider depth and distance. Use panning to mimic natural listening environments or create artistic effects.

Reverb can place sounds in virtual spaces, from tight rooms to vast halls. Different reverb types create specific atmospheres. Tailor reverb settings to the mix's context for a natural or surreal effect.

Delay repeats sounds at set intervals, enriching the mix with rhythmic layers. Feedback controls the decay rate. Use tempo-synced delays to complement the song's rhythm subtly or to create distinct echoes.

Automation allows for real-time control changes during playback. Automate volume, pan, effects, and more for dynamic variations. This can highlight song sections or bring focus to specific elements.