Understanding Panic Attacks and Management Strategies

Panic attacks are abrupt surges of intense fear or discomfort that peak within minutes. They often mimic symptoms of life-threatening conditions, leading to confusion and heightened emergency room visits.

Symptoms include palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, a feeling of choking, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, chills or heat sensations, numbness, derealization, fear of losing control, and fear of dying.

Triggers are not fully understood, but may involve a misfiring fight-or-flight response. Genetics, stress, and sensitivity to lactate or carbon dioxide may contribute to the likelihood of experiencing panic attacks.

Unlike general fear responses, panic attacks often occur without an obvious cause or threat. They can happen unexpectedly, in a state known as spontaneous or uncued panic attacks.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is highly effective for panic disorder. Medications like SSRIs and benzodiazepines are used. Lifestyle changes and relaxation techniques also play a crucial role.

Long-term management includes facing feared situations (exposure therapy), practicing stress management techniques, and maintaining regular physical activity to reduce anxiety.

Did you know? Smokers are more likely to experience panic attacks and panic disorder. Respiration issues related to smoking may trigger the body's alarm system, contributing to panic responses.