Cyber Law: An Overview

International Cyber Law governs digital communication, protecting against cybercrimes. It's a complex web of national laws, policies, and treaties aimed at securing cyberspace while respecting global internet freedom and trade.

The Budapest Convention, adopted in 2001, is the first international treaty seeking to address Internet and computer crime by harmonizing national laws, improving investigative techniques, and increasing cooperation among nations.

The Tallinn Manual isn't legally binding, but it's an influential resource on how international law applies to cyber warfare, offering guidance on cyber operations and sovereignty during conflicts.

Digital sovereignty is contentious, involving state control over digital assets and infrastructure. Countries differ in their approach to balance governance, freedom, and security, leading to a patchwork of cyber laws.

The EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has set a high standard for privacy laws worldwide, influencing legislations globally and impacting how businesses handle personal data across borders.

Attributing cyberattacks to their source is complex. International law struggles with non-state actors and indirect aggressions, making legal responses and enforcement against cyber threats a major challenge.

The UN's Group of Governmental Experts on Cybersecurity is developing norms for state behavior in cyberspace. This effort aims to reduce conflicts and ensure a peaceful cyberspace by promoting responsible state conduct.