Imperialism's Peak Era

The high tide of imperialism, from 1870 to 1914, saw European powers expand their territories vastly. This period was marked by a scramble for Africa and the subjugation of Asia.

Imperial powers sought new markets, raw materials, and profitable investment outlets. Industrialization had increased competition and the need for colonies to act as sources and destinations for goods.

The Berlin Conference of 1884-85 formalized the division of Africa. No African leaders were present. It set rules for annexing African territory, reducing conflict among European powers.

Imperialism was defended through 'civilizing missions', claiming moral responsibility to uplift colonized peoples. This was often a guise for exploitative practices and cultural suppression.

Technologies like the Maxim gun, steamships, and telegraphs allowed small European forces to overpower larger native armies, facilitating rapid colonial expansion.

Colonized regions didn't acquiesce quietly. The 1857 Indian Rebellion and the Boxer Rebellion in 1900 are examples of fierce resistance against imperial powers.

The effects of imperialism linger today. Artificial borders drawn by colonial powers have left many regions with enduring ethnic conflicts and fractured national identities.