Conquest and Romanization of Iberia

The Roman conquest of Iberia started in 218 BCE during the Second Punic War. Initially, a strategic move against Carthaginian holdings, it marked the onset of centuries of Romanization.

In 206 BCE, the Battle of Ilipa was a turning point. Roman General Scipio Africanus defeated the Carthaginians, ensuring Rome's dominance over the southern region, later known as Hispania Baetica.

The Siege of Numantia (134-133 BCE) epitomized local resistance. The city's inhabitants chose mass suicide over surrender, symbolizing the fierce independence of the Iberian tribes.

From 29 to 19 BCE, the Cantabrian Wars represented the final stage of Roman conquest. Emperor Augustus personally led the campaign to pacify the resilient Cantabrian and Asturian tribes in the north.

Post-conquest, Romanization transformed Iberian culture, language, and infrastructure. Remarkably, seven Roman emperors were born in Hispania, showcasing its integration and importance within the empire.

Lusitanians under Viriathus resisted Roman expansion from 155 to 139 BCE. His guerilla tactics and leadership made him a national hero in Portugal, symbolizing the struggle for independence.

Roman engineering prowess is still visible in Iberia. Aqueducts like the Segovia Aqueduct, and structures like the Merida Amphitheatre, continue to impress, manifesting Rome's enduring architectural legacy.