Birth of Western Democracy

Ancient Athens is hailed as the cradle of democracy. The system, called 'demokratia', was direct, with citizens actively participating in decision-making rather than through elected representatives.

Not everyone in Athens could vote. Citizenship was exclusive to adult males who had completed military training. Women, slaves, and foreigners were excluded, comprising the majority of the population.

Contrasting Athens, Sparta was governed by two kings and a council of elders. It focused on military prowess, and social status was determined by martial ability rather than wealth.

Athens' principal assembly, the Ecclesia, met 40 times a year. Every citizen could speak and vote on laws, foreign policy, and other crucial matters, showcasing an early form of political egalitarianism.

Athenians believed elections could be manipulated by the wealthy. To prevent this, many officials were chosen by lottery, ensuring all citizens had an equal chance to serve.

To protect against tyranny, Athenians could vote to ostracize, or exile, a powerful citizen for ten years. This practice prevented the accumulation of too much power by any one individual.

Greek governance, especially democracy, inspired many subsequent civilizations. Its principles are evident in modern governments worldwide, illustrating ancient Greece's enduring legacy on governance.