Understanding and Managing Placenta Previa

Placenta previa occurs when the placenta covers the cervix partially or fully, leading to potential complications during pregnancy and birth. It's diagnosed usually through ultrasound in the second or third trimester.

There are four types: complete, partial, marginal, and low-lying. Complete previa covers the cervix entirely, partial previa covers it partially, marginal previa reaches the cervix edge, and low-lying placenta is near but not covering the cervix.

The most common symptom is painless, bright red vaginal bleeding during the second or third trimester. Some women may not have symptoms until labor starts. Regular check-ups are crucial for early detection.

Risk factors include prior placenta previa, multiple pregnancies, older maternal age, and prior uterine surgery. Prevention isn't possible, but risk mitigation involves avoiding certain activities like sex or exercise if diagnosed.

Placenta previa can necessitate delivery by cesarean section to prevent hemorrhage. The timing of delivery is crucial and depends on the bleeding severity, gestational age, and baby's health.

Management includes pelvic rest, monitoring, and possibly corticosteroids to enhance fetal lung maturity if early delivery is needed. In cases of significant bleeding, hospitalization may be required.

The majority of women with placenta previa deliver healthy babies. However, they are at an increased risk for placenta accreta in future pregnancies, which can lead to more complicated deliveries.