Biomes: Earth's Diverse Ecosystems

Biomes are vast regions with similar climate, plants, and animals. Each one creates a unique habitat, often spanning continents, from tropical rainforests to arctic tundras.

The tundra, characterized by permafrost, is surprisingly rich in biodiversity. During its short summer, the landscape transforms, allowing migratory birds and caribou to thrive.

Deserts, known for extreme aridity, occupy one-fifth of Earth's surface. Nighttime can bring about a sudden burst of life, with many animals being nocturnal to conserve water.

Tropical rainforests, despite covering less than 3% of Earth's area, house over 50% of all species. They are vital for oxygen production and carbon storage.

Grasslands, also known as prairies or savannas, are fertile grounds for agriculture. They support vast herds of herbivores and are crucial for human food production.

Aquatic biomes, including oceans, lakes, and rivers, cover about 75% of Earth's surface. Marine algae contribute more than 50% of our oxygen.

Boreal forests, or taigas, form the largest terrestrial biome. Acting as massive carbon sinks, they play a key role in regulating the global climate.

Mount Everest’s summit is covered by snow year-round, yet the temperature can rise above freezing due to direct sunlight reflection off the snow.