Soil Formation Factors
Soil formation is influenced by five main factors: parent material, climate, living organisms, topography, and time. Each factor contributes uniquely to soil characteristics and fertility.
Soil Profile Layers
A typical soil profile has three layers: the topsoil (A horizon), subsoil (B horizon), and the parent rock (C horizon). These layers vary in composition, texture, and color.
Types of Indian Soils
India's soils include alluvial, black (regur soil), red and laterite, arid and desert, saline and alkaline, peaty and marshy soils, each suited to different crops and vegetation.
Soil Erosion Causes
Soil erosion, a removal of topsoil layer, is caused by factors like wind, water, deforestation, overgrazing, and unsustainable farming practices, leading to loss of fertile land.
Conservation Techniques
Soil conservation methods include contour plowing, terrace farming, agroforestry, and crop rotation. These practices help maintain soil fertility and prevent erosion.
Soil and Economy
Soil health directly impacts agricultural productivity, influencing economic stability. Nutrient-rich soils support diverse crops, which contribute to India's agrarian-based economy.
Soil Pollution Concerns
Soil pollution, caused by industrial waste, agrochemicals, and plastic, threatens food security and human health. Remediation strategies are necessary to restore soil quality.Soil Bacteria Wealth
A single gram of soil can contain up to 10 billion bacteria from thousands of species, showcasing soil's incredible biodiversity.
What primarily influences soil formation?
Climate and vegetation only
Five main factors
Topography solely
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