Introduction to Rocks

Rocks are the Earth's building blocks, forming its crust. Comprising various minerals, they exist in diverse forms. Our study will focus on their classification, formation, and importance.

Three primary rock types exist: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooled magma. Sedimentary rocks are layered deposits. Metamorphic rocks are transformed by heat and pressure.

Igneous rocks are classified as intrusive or extrusive. Intrusive rocks like granite solidify beneath Earth's surface. Extrusive rocks like basalt erupt onto the surface, cooling quickly.

Sedimentary rocks, such as sandstone, form from sediment compaction and cementation. They often hold fossils, providing historical biological insights and are vital for understanding Earth's past.

Metamorphic rocks start as other types but change due to intense heat or pressure. Examples include schist and marble, which has been used in iconic sculptures and architecture.

The rock cycle illustrates how rocks transform from one type to another over geological time. For instance, sedimentary rock can become metamorphic under the right conditions.

Rocks have shaped human civilization. From ancient stone tools to modern architecture, they are integral to construction, art, and technology. Their study reveals Earth's history and resources.