Introduction to Marine Algae

Marine algae, diverse and essential, are photosynthetic organisms that significantly impact the world's oxygen and carbon cycles. They range from microscopic phytoplankton to massive kelps.

Algae, particularly phytoplankton, contribute an astonishing 50-85% of the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere, rivaling terrestrial forests in their role as oxygen producers.

Through photosynthesis, marine algae absorb large amounts of CO2, acting as major carbon sinks. This process helps mitigate climate change by reducing atmospheric carbon levels.

Algae form the basis of aquatic food webs. Their growth supports marine life, from the tiniest zooplankton to the largest whales, influencing biodiversity and ecosystem health.

Nutrient-rich waters can cause algal blooms, which sometimes lead to hypoxic conditions detrimental to marine life. Yet, these blooms are also crucial for carbon sequestration.

Some algae thrive in extreme environments, such as under Arctic ice or in saline, high pH, or deep-sea vents, showing incredible adaptability and affecting oxygen production in unexpected ways.

Innovative research on algae includes biofuel production, bioplastics, and pharmaceuticals, showcasing their potential beyond oxygen production and climate regulation.

Certain marine algae produce compounds with antiviral properties, some of which are being researched for potential use against viruses like HIV and COVID-19.