Photosynthesis: A Definition
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants to convert light energy into chemical energy. This energy is stored as glucose, which is used for plant growth and development.
Chlorophyll: The Key Pigment
Chlorophyll, the green pigment in plants, absorbs sunlight. Surprisingly, it only uses the red and blue wavelengths effectively, reflecting green, which is why plants appear green to us.
Two Photosynthesis Phases
Photosynthesis consists of two main phases: the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. The former converts sunlight into ATP and NADPH, while the latter produces glucose.
Oxygen's Overlooked Origin
Interestingly, the oxygen we breathe comes from water molecules, not carbon dioxide, which plants split during the light-dependent reactions to obtain electrons.
Photosynthesis and Temperature
Photosynthesis has an optimal temperature range. Above or below this range, the rate can decrease. Enzymes involved in photosynthesis are temperature sensitive, influencing the process's efficiency.
CAM Plants' Unique Adaptation
CAM plants, like cacti, open their stomata at night to minimize water loss in arid environments. They store CO2 as malate and use it during the day for photosynthesis.
Global Photosynthesis Impact
Globally, photosynthesis captures approximately 130 terawatts of energy annually. This is six times the power consumption of human civilization, showcasing nature's incredible energy-harvesting capability.
Plants' Secret Communication
Plants can send distress signals to nearby plants when under attack, warning them to activate their defenses.