Lymph Nodes: Structure, Function, and Clinical Significance

Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that are part of the lymphatic system. They play a crucial role in the body's immune response by filtering harmful substances and housing lymphocytes that fight infections.

Lymph nodes are found throughout the body, concentrated in areas such as the neck, armpits, and groin. Surprisingly, there are over 500-700 lymph nodes in the average adult human body.

Lymph nodes filter lymphatic fluid, trapping bacteria, viruses, and other foreign particles. They produce and store immune cells like lymphocytes and macrophages, which are vital for identifying and destroying pathogens.

Cancer often spreads through lymph nodes. Sentinel lymph nodes are the first nodes cancer cells are likely to spread to from a primary tumor, making them crucial in cancer diagnosis and staging.

Lymphadenopathy is the term for swollen lymph nodes. It can result from infections, autoimmune diseases, or malignancies. Persistent swelling without infection could indicate a serious condition and warrants medical evaluation.

A single lymph node can filter around one to three liters of lymphatic fluid per day, astonishing considering their small size and number.