Neurons: Communication Masters
Neurons are the brain's communicators, transmitting information via electrical and chemical signals. Surprisingly, the human brain contains approximately 100 billion neurons, similar to the number of stars in the Milky Way galaxy.
Glia: The Support Network
Glia outnumber neurons in the brain. These cells provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, and form myelin. Recent studies suggest glia also communicate, challenging the neuron's sole claim to signal transmission.
Synaptic Plasticity Unveiled
Synaptic plasticity is the brain's ability to strengthen or weaken synapses over time. It's crucial for learning and memory. Astonishingly, even short-term activities can alter synaptic strength, which is the basis for long-term potentiation (LTP).
Brain's Electric Symphony
The brain's electrical activity, measured by EEG, isn't just noise; it's a symphony of oscillations. These waves are categorized by frequency, with gamma waves associated with cognitive functions like attention and memory retrieval.
Blood-Brain Barrier Secrets
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain from pathogens. It's highly selective, allowing only specific molecules to pass. Recent discoveries show that the BBB can change during diseases, altering its permeability in unexpected ways.
Neurogenesis: Brain's Renewal
Once believed impossible, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons, occurs in the adult brain. This process is concentrated in the hippocampus and is vital for learning. Lifestyle factors like exercise and diet can enhance neurogenesis.
Rewiring Through Experience
Neuroplasticity allows the brain to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections. Remarkably, this can occur not only in childhood but also in adulthood, influenced by experiences like learning a new language or playing an instrument.
Astonishing Brain Storage
The human brain's storage capacity is roughly 2.5 petabytes, equivalent to 3 million hours of TV shows. You'd need to leave the TV on for over 300 years to use up that storage!