Understanding Solar Eclipses

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, temporarily blocking the Sun's light. There are three types, total, partial, and annular, depending on their alignment.

During an eclipse, two shadows are cast. The darker shadow, the umbra, is where a total eclipse is visible. The lighter shadow, the penumbra, shows a partial eclipse.

You might think eclipses happen every month since the Moon orbits Earth monthly, but the Moon's tilted orbit means conditions for an eclipse are rare, occurring roughly every 18 months.

Eclipses follow an 18-year cycle called Saros. This pattern is so precise, that after one Saros, a very similar eclipse will occur, shifted about 120 degrees in longitude.

Right before totality in a total eclipse, a bright burst of light appears, looking like a diamond ring. It's the last bit of sunlight shining through the Moon's rugged surface.

Never look directly at the Sun, even during an eclipse. Use special eclipse glasses or a pinhole projector to view it safely. Regular sunglasses aren't enough to protect your eyes.