Exploring the Enigmas of Dark Matter and Dark Energy

Dark matter and dark energy compose about 95% of the universe, yet they remain largely enigmatic. Dark matter exerts gravitational pull, whereas dark energy accelerates the universe's expansion, opposing gravity's pull.

Dark matter cannot be observed directly. Its existence is inferred from gravitational effects on visible matter, radiation, and the large-scale structure of the universe, including the rotation curves of galaxies and gravitational lensing.

Discovered through supernovae observations, dark energy's repulsive force is causing the universe's expansion to accelerate. This mysterious energy form constitutes about 68% of the universe and challenges our understanding of physics.

Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) and axions are hypothetical particles that could constitute dark matter. Experiments like the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) detector aim to capture these elusive particles.

Some scientists propose alternative theories to dark matter, such as Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), suggesting new laws of gravity that negate the need for dark matter at galactic scales.

The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation provides clues about dark matter and energy. Tiny temperature fluctuations in the CMB help map the early universe's composition and the influence of these dark components.

Upcoming telescopes like the Euclid spacecraft and the Vera C. Rubin Observatory are poised to shed light on dark matter and dark energy, potentially revolutionizing our cosmic understanding.